![]() Webinar was included on the Lake Superior University 2008 List of Banished Words, but was included in the Merriam-Webster dictionary that same year. The coined term has been attacked for improper construction, since "inar" is not a valid root. The term "webinar" is a portmanteau of web and seminar, meaning a presentation, lecture, or workshop that is transmitted over the web. Renderable files (in formats such as PDF or Microsoft PowerPoint) can be displayed by the presenter uploading them and a computer server converting them into a form convenient for streaming. The web conferencing software may show the whole or part of the presenter's computer screen. Visual materials are typically shown in one of two ways. Vendor-hosted web conferencing is usually licensed as a service based on one of three pricing models: a fixed cost per user per minute, a monthly or annual flat fee allowing unlimited use with a fixed maximum capacity per session, or a sliding rate fee based on the number of allowed meeting hosts and per-session participants (number of "seats"). Some products allow for use of a webcam to display participants, while others may require their own proprietary encoding or externally provided encoding of a video feed (for example, from a professional video camera connected via an IEEE 1394 interface) that is displayed in the session. Another installation option from certain vendors allows for use of a proprietary computer appliance that is installed at the hosting company's physical location.ĭepending on the technology being used, participants may speak and listen to audio over standard telephone lines or via computer microphones and speakers. Many web conferencing vendors provide the central connectivity and provisioning of meeting "ports" or "seats" as a hosted web service, while others allow the web conference host to install and run the software on its own local servers. Other web conferencing technologies require download and installation of software on each participant's computer, which is invoked as a local application. Software may run as a web browser application (often relying on Adobe Flash, Java, or WebRTC to provide the operational platform). Some technologies include software and functionality that differs for presenters and attendees. Web conferencing software is invoked by all participants in a web meeting. ( July 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Applications for web conferencing include meetings, training events, lectures, or presentations from a web-connected computer to other web-connected computers. It offers data streams of text-based messages, voice and video chat to be shared simultaneously, across geographically dispersed locations. ![]() Services may allow real-time point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers. In general, web conferencing is made possible by Internet technologies, particularly on TCP/IP connections. The terminology related to these technologies is exact and agreed relying on the standards for web conferencing but specific organizations practices in usage exist to provide also term usage reference. Sometimes it may be used also in the more narrow sense of the peer-level web meeting context, in an attempt to disambiguate it from the other types known as collaborative sessions. Web conferencing is used as an umbrella term for various types of online conferencing and collaborative services including webinars ( web seminars), webcasts, and web meetings. Although the idea of virtual representation may seem paternalistic and undemocratic, it is perhaps the breadth of application rather than the concept itself which is offensive to modern susceptibilities: all modern societies accept it, in effect, in respect of children.Forms of online many-to-many communication Example of a web conferencing computer screen ![]() Thompson have partly conceded this point by claiming that policy had to take some cognizance of the interests of the urban poor because of their capacity to riot, a form of anticipated reactions directly relevant to, for example, the Roman Empire, but also to the United States and United Kingdom in our own times in respect of people who do have the right to vote. Twentieth‐century social historians like E. That the disenfranchised were virtually represented in Parliament was an argument often put by opponents of franchise reform in England in the nineteenth century. The essential idea of virtual representation is that one can be represented by a decision‐making process without being able to vote for those who make the decisions.
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